Tic disorders are emerging as a growing health concern among South Korean children and adolescents, with prevalence rates more than doubling over the past decade. These neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by sudden, involuntary, repetitive movements or vocalizations, known as tics, which occur beyond an individual’s conscious control.
Common symptoms include eye blinking, facial grimacing, head jerking, throat clearing, and sniffing. In severe cases, individuals may exhibit both motor and vocal tics simultaneously, potentially progressing to Tourette syndrome. The root causes are often linked to functional imbalances in brain development.
Contrary to the misconception that tics are purely psychological, many cases stem from structural and functional disparities in the brain. Experts point to disparities in the maturation rates of the left and right cerebral hemispheres or asynchronous development across brain regions as key contributors. When brain development is poorly coordinated, certain functions may become overactive or inadequately inhibited, manifesting as repetitive muscle movements or vocal outbursts. Disruptions in neural circuitry can exacerbate these symptoms.
Genetic factors also play a significant role. Research indicates that individuals with a family history of tic disorders have a higher risk of developing the condition. Additionally, a child’s temperament, psychological resilience, and emotional regulation abilities interact with brain function imbalances to influence tic expression.
Early and accurate assessment is critical for effective management. Treatment should go beyond symptom control to include strategies for rebalancing brain function and supporting emotional stability and physical balance. A comprehensive approach that considers both the child’s neurological profile and environmental factors is essential.
While some children experience temporary improvement as they grow, tic disorders can persist or negatively impact emotional development if left unaddressed. Dismissing tics as mere habits is a mistake; prompt evaluation and treatment by specialists are strongly recommended.
Tic disorders are complex neurodevelopmental conditions rooted in brain imbalances, neurotransmitter irregularities, and environmental triggers—not simple behavioral habits. Early diagnosis, tailored treatment, and compassionate emotional support are vital for fostering healthy brain development and improving quality of life for affected children.
Kim Kuk Ju, HEALTH IN NEWS TEAM
press@hinews.co.kr
