As cooler breezes signal the arrival of fall, the season brings more than just pleasant air. The sharp temperature swings typical of this time of year can strain the cardiovascular system, causing blood vessels to constrict and placing significant stress on the heart. Among the most serious risks is myocardial infarction (heart attack), a life-threatening condition that tends to spike during seasonal transitions and peak in winter.
According to South Korea’s Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, the number of myocardial infarction cases in the country rose from approximately 122,000 in 2020 to 143,000 in 2024, marking a 17% increase over four years. An aging population, chronic diseases, Westernized diets, and sedentary lifestyles are cited as key contributors to this trend.
Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when a coronary artery supplying blood to the heart becomes suddenly blocked, leading to the death of heart muscle tissue. Unlike angina, which involves reduced blood flow due to gradual narrowing of the arteries, a heart attack results from an abrupt blockage, making it a medical emergency that can be fatal if not treated immediately.
Fall: The Most Dangerous Season for Your Heart
The hallmark symptom of a myocardial infarction is severe chest pain lasting more than 10 minutes. Patients often describe a crushing or squeezing chest pain, accompanied by shortness of breath, indigestion, upper abdominal (epigastric) pain, or a choking sensation in the throat. Acting quickly is vital: treatment within the first two hours—often referred to as the “golden hour”—greatly improves survival rates and reduces heart damage.
The Golden Hour: Time Is Critical
The cornerstone of myocardial infarction treatment is restoring blood flow to the heart as quickly as possible. The most common procedure is percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), in which a catheter is inserted through the femoral or radial artery to access the heart. A balloon is inflated to widen the narrowed vessel, and a stent—a metal mesh—is placed to prevent re-narrowing (restenosis). PCI is minimally invasive, with short procedure times and rapid recovery.
In cases where multiple vessels are blocked or PCI is not feasible, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may be required. This surgery uses a patient’s own veins or arteries to create new pathways for blood flow, effectively bypassing the blocked vessels. CABG is particularly effective in severe or complex cases of coronary artery disease.
In emergencies where PCI is unavailable, thrombolytic agents may be administered intravenously to dissolve blood clots, though this approach is used sparingly due to its limitations.
“Timing is everything in treating myocardial infarction,” Dr. Byun emphasized. “If symptoms appear, don’t wait—call emergency services immediately and get to a hospital with cardiac expertise.”
Prevention Starts with Lifestyle
While myocardial infarction can strike without warning, lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk. A diet rich in vegetables, fruits, fish, and legumes—while limiting greasy or salty foods—supports vascular health. Regular aerobic exercise—at least 30 minutes daily—along with adequate sleep and stress management, helps ease the burden on the heart.
For those with chronic conditions like hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia, regular checkups and adherence to prescribed medications are essential. Individuals with a family history of heart disease or those over middle age should undergo regular cardiac screenings to monitor heart and vascular health.
“Myocardial infarction is hard to predict, but its risks can be managed,” Dr. Byun noted. “Pay attention to your body’s signals and act proactively—it’s the surest way to protect your life.”
Summary: Myocardial infarction cases in South Korea have risen by 17% over the past four years, driven by aging, chronic diseases, and lifestyle factors. Prompt treatment within the “golden hour” is critical for survival, while prevention through diet, exercise, and regular checkups can significantly reduce risk.
Lim Hye Jung, HEALTH IN NEWS TEAM
press@hinews.co.kr
