Thyroid surgery is a critical intervention for thyroid cancer or large benign nodules. The procedure falls into three main categories: total thyroidectomy, which removes both thyroid lobes; hemithyroidectomy, excising one lobe; and isthmusectomy, removing only the central connecting tissue. Each type requires meticulous precision due to the proximity of critical structures, including the airway, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and carotid artery.
Thyroid removal can impair the production of thyroid hormones, which are vital for regulating metabolism, body temperature, and emotional health. When hormone levels fall short post-surgery, patients often require lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Strict adherence to prescribed dosage, timing, and intervals is essential from the outset.
Severe fatigue is a common post-surgical complaint, typically alleviated by hormone therapy. However, patients undergoing radioactive iodine treatment may experience fatigue lasting up to a year. Not all fatigue stems from hormone deficiency; psychological stress is often a significant factor. Although thyroid cancer is often considered a 'manageable' malignancy, the diagnosis carries significant psychological weight for patients. Persistent worries about residual cancer, upcoming medical evaluations, and the lifelong need for medication can be emotionally draining. For some, the psychological toll of a cancer diagnosis lingers long after treatment.
Managing this psychological strain requires restoring balance in daily life. While rest is necessary, light exercise often proves more beneficial for recovery. Beginning with low-impact activities like walking or stretching can ease tension and enhance circulation. As physical endurance improves, patients may transition to aerobic exercises or light strength training. Consistent physical activity reduces fatigue and promotes emotional stability.
Dietary management is equally important. Foods high in iodine—such as seaweed, processed foods, and iodized salt—can interfere with residual thyroid function and should be restricted. A balanced diet with sufficient protein supports immune health and helps regulate weight changes.
Ongoing follow-up care is essential. Even after successful lesion removal, regular monitoring through ultrasounds and blood tests is critical to detect potential recurrence. Keeping thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within a safe range is vital, as elevated TSH can heighten recurrence risk. While hormone therapy helps lower this risk, overtreatment can cause complications such as osteoporosis or cardiovascular problems, requiring careful medical supervision.
Post-thyroidectomy care is as crucial as the surgery itself. Consistent medication adherence, regular checkups, and intentional lifestyle adjustments form the cornerstone of a healthy recovery. Patients are encouraged to actively monitor and manage their health to sustain long-term well-being.
Lim Hye Jung, HEALTH IN NEWS TEAM
press@hinews.co.kr
