[Hinews] [Physician's Column] By Yong-wook Kang, Director of Gorda Dental Clinic, Busan Branch

Dental implants are a cornerstone of restorative dentistry, offering a robust solution for replacing missing teeth. The implant system comprises three key components: a fixture anchored into the jawbone, an abutment that supports it, and a prosthetic that replicates the form and function of a natural tooth. Among these, the prosthetic is the visible part, playing a dual role in chewing function and aesthetic appeal. Consequently, the choice of material for the prosthetic significantly influences patient satisfaction and treatment outcomes.

The primary materials used for implant prosthetics are gold alloy, porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM), and zirconia. Each material has distinct advantages and drawbacks, necessitating a tailored selection based on the patient’s oral health, aesthetic preferences, and lifestyle.

Gold alloy prosthetics excel in durability and stability. Their high strength and resistance to wear ensure long-term reliability, and they pose minimal risk of allergic reactions, enhancing safety. However, their metallic hue compromises aesthetics, making them less suitable for visible areas. Additionally, gold alloy prosthetics are costly and require a longer fabrication process. These characteristics make them a preferred choice for molars, where aesthetics are less critical.

Yong-wook Kang, Director of Gorda Dental Clinic, Busan Branch
Yong-wook Kang, Director of Gorda Dental Clinic, Busan Branch

Porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) prosthetics combine a metal core with a porcelain exterior, offering a natural tooth-like appearance at a relatively affordable cost. As a result, they are a popular choice among patients seeking both function and aesthetics. However, over time, the metal core may become visible at the gumline, detracting from the overall look. Furthermore, the porcelain layer can fracture under strong chewing forces, posing a risk in high-pressure areas. For front teeth, where aesthetics are paramount, PFM prosthetics may not provide long-term satisfaction, requiring careful consideration.

Zirconia prosthetics address many of these shortcomings. Known for their exceptional strength and durability, they also closely mimic the color of natural teeth, balancing aesthetics and functionality. As a metal-free option, zirconia reduces the risk of allergic reactions and offers excellent biocompatibility. It is also less prone to fracture than porcelain, making it suitable for patients with habits like teeth grinding or those with strong bite forces. Today, zirconia is widely used for implant crowns, bridges, and other dental restorations, establishing itself as a versatile and widely adopted material.

Selecting the right prosthetic material requires a comprehensive evaluation of the patient’s dental condition, bite strength, gum health, allergy history, and aesthetic expectations. Rather than focusing solely on durability or appearance, patients should engage in thorough discussions with their dental professionals to consider their unique needs and long-term outcomes. This collaborative approach ensures both functional success and restored confidence in one’s smile.

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