Otitis Externa: Inflammation of the Ear Canal
Otitis externa refers to inflammation of the skin lining the external auditory canal—the passage that leads from the outer ear to the eardrum. This S-shaped canal, about 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters long, contains cerumen (earwax), sweat glands, and sebaceous glands that naturally defend against bacteria and foreign substances.
When the canal’s skin becomes irritated or damaged, its defenses weaken, allowing inflammation to take hold. “Symptoms typically include pain, itching, ear discharge, and a feeling of fullness. Severe cases may involve pus or even affect the eardrum, underscoring the importance of early intervention,” notes Dr. Young-Ho Kim, an otolaryngologist at Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center.
Warm and humid summer conditions promote the growth of bacteria and fungi in the ear canal. When water becomes trapped after swimming, it keeps the area moist, creating a perfect environment for infections to develop. Additional risk factors include frequent ear touching and overuse of cotton swabs, which can damage the canal's skin barrier.
Chemical irritants such as pool disinfectants, saltwater, or environmental pollutants may also increase the likelihood of infection—especially in people with sensitive skin or weakened immune systems. The condition affects about 1-3% of people yearly, with higher rates in infants and young children due to their narrower canals and softer skin.
Risks of ‘Ear Disinfection’
Attempting to 'disinfect' the ears using alcohol or hydrogen peroxide is discouraged. These substances can dry out the delicate skin inside the ear canal and strip away its natural protective oils, increasing the risk of infection. Irritants like alcohol can cause cracking or micro-abrasions, creating entryways for bacteria.
Dr. Kim warns, "Hydrogen peroxide may appear effective as it bubbles, but it irritates and weakens the skin barrier. Using it to prevent or treat swimmer’s ear may actually worsen the condition."
Safeguarding Your Ears Post-Swim
If your ears feel dry or irritated after swimming, seek medical advice rather than attempting self-treatment. Applying a small amount of moisturizing cream to the outer ear may be helpful—but avoid inserting anything into the canal. Cotton swabs should be used sparingly and only on the outer ear.
Persistent symptoms lasting more than a few days should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. Scratching the ear vigorously can damage the skin and worsen infections, so it should be avoided.
Complications of Untreated Otitis Externa
While most cases of swimmer’s ear resolve with prompt treatment, neglecting symptoms can lead to complications. In some instances, the infection may progress to chronic inflammation, eardrum perforation, or middle ear infections (otitis media), which can cause fever and hearing problems.
Parents should pay special attention to children, who may not clearly express discomfort. Frequent ear rubbing or irritability can signal an underlying issue.
Dr. Kim emphasizes, "The ear is for protecting, not disinfecting. After swimming, allow water to drain naturally and avoid harsh substances or excessive cleaning."
Safe Ear Drying Techniques
To safely remove water from the ear, tilt your head and gently tug the earlobe to encourage drainage. Using a hairdryer on a cool or low setting, held 20–30 centimeters away, can help dry residual moisture.If discomfort persists, consult a medical professional rather than relying on home remedies or over-the-counter solutions.
Haeun Oh, HEALTH IN NEWS TEAM
press@hinews.co.kr
